Hemodialysis under fire: A cross-sectional study of health and socioeconomic impacts on internally displaced patients during the 2023 Sudan conflict

End-stage renal disease patients rely on regular hemodialysis. The 2023 Sudan conflict displaced large numbers of patients and disrupted health services. We examined dialysis access, complications, and socioeconomic effects among internally displaced patients in Port Sudan. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of 133 end-stage renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis at Port Sudan Dialysis Center. Trained interviewers collected data on demographics, dialysis frequency before vs during the conflict, missed sessions and barriers, self-reported complications, and employment/finances. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Participants were 58.7% male; 54.1% were aged 40 to 64 years. A decrease was observed in patients receiving 3 sessions/week (from 17.3 to 4.5%), while an increase was observed in those receiving 1 session/week (from 4.5 to 12.8%; P = .003). More than 70% cited transport costs/availability as major barriers, and over 85% missed at least 1 session during active fighting. Unemployment rose from 18.8% to 71.4% (P < .001). Overall, 73.7% reported clinical complications during the conflict period. The conflict was associated with reduced dialysis access and worsening health and economic conditions. Secured transport, protected continuity of care, and targeted financial support are immediate priorities for displaced dialysis patients.