Clinical efficacy of different supplemental doses of vitamins A and D in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent and severe chronic respiratory condition in preterm infants, with vitamin deficiency recognized as a contributing factor. Although vitamins A and D are known to play protective roles in lung development, the optimal supplementation doses for BPD prevention remain unclear. METHODS: Search PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang from database inception to November 30, 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials that investigated the role of vitamins A and D in the prevention of BPD in preterm infants. Data were extracted for network meta-analysis. Patient demographic data, the incidence of BPD, mortality, and mechanical ventilation duration were analyzed. RESULTS: In our analysis, encompassing 20 studies with 4357 patients, we observed that high-dose vitamin D (HDVD, ≥800 IU/d) demonstrated the most notable reduction in the incidence of BPD; low-dose vitamin A (LDVA,