Factors associated with the occurrence of breast nodules in perimenopausal women: A cross-sectional study in China

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of breast nodules at different stages and the physical examination indicators, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors in perimenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years in 2022. In total, 3293 samples were obtained by comprehensively analyzing the data from laboratory examinations, breast imaging, and questionnaires. A one-way ANOVA test or rank sum test was applied to explore the differences among groups, and multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of breast nodules. The results revealed that the lymphocyte percentage was negatively associated with breast nodules of BI-RADS category 4. Low-density lipoprotein was more likely to increase the occurrence of breast nodules belonging to BI-RADS category 3 and BI-RADS category 4. Less work stress may be associated with fewer breast nodules of BI-RADS category 3. Air conditioning for 2 to 4 hours/day in the summer is more likely to increase the breast nodules of BI-RADS category 2. This study preliminarily explored the effects of clinical indicators, environment, and healthy lifestyle habits on breast nodules, offering empirical support for breast disease management and personalized interventions that are expected to reduce the risks of breast nodules in perimenopausal women.