Mood, technical performance, and physiological responses after 4 vs 4 small-sided soccer games of different durations: A pre-post study

Small-sided games (SSGs) are widely used in soccer training to simultaneously develop technical, tactical, and physical abilities. Session structure, particularly duration and distribution (continuous vs intermittent), represents a key programming variable that may influence players' mood, technical performance, and physiological responses. However, the specific effects of different SSG formats remain insufficiently clarified. This study aimed to examine how varying bout configurations (1 × 12 min, 2 × 6 min, and 3 × 4 min) during 4 vs 4 SSGs affect mood states, technical-tactical performance, and physiological responses in male soccer players. Twenty male semiprofessional soccer players (age: 20.7 ± 0.7 years) completed 3 SSG formats performed on separate occasions: 1 × 12 min, 2 × 6 min, and 3 × 4 min. Mood was assessed pre- and post-session using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Physiological responses included percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax), blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Technical-tactical variables were analyzed through systematic video-based performance assessment. The 12-minute continuous SSGs significantly improved mood, evidenced by reductions in depression, confusion, tension, anger, and total mood disturbance, although fatigue increased post-session. In contrast, the 2 × 6 min format led to increases in depression and anger, while the 3 × 4 min format showed no significant mood changes. Technical-tactical performance was superior during the 12-minute condition, with higher passing accuracy, greater tackle success, and fewer turnovers compared to intermittent formats. Physiologically, the continuous 12-minute SSGs elicited higher %HRmax and rating of perceived exertion values than both intermittent conditions, as well as slightly higher blood lactate concentrations compared to the 3 × 4 min format. A continuous 12-minute 4 vs 4 SSGs appears to provide the most effective integrated training stimulus, enhancing mood regulation, technical-tactical performance, and physiological load. These findings suggest that uninterrupted SSG formats may better simulate match demands and support optimal psychophysiological adaptations in semiprofessional soccer players.