Congenital Volkmann ischemic contracture in an African neonate: a case report

Introduction and clinical importance: Congenital Volkmann ischemic contracture (CVIC) is a rare entity, a sequel of intrauterine compartment syndrome (CS). Its early recognition is essential for adapted management. Case presentation: We report the case of a female neonate with left forearm CVIC, characterized by typical contracture and cutaneous lesions. No possible cause of intrauterine CS could be found postnatally. Skin lesions were conservatively managed with serial dressings till complete healing at 7 weeks. The patient is undergoing occupational therapy, with muscle transfer surgery planned at 2 years of age. Clinical discussion: Volkmann ischemic contracture is a sequel of CS. Whether it is congenital or acquired, it presents with typical features, which allow clinical differentiation from its main differentials: CS (which does not present with the typical forearm contracture) and aplasia cutis congenita (which does not present with neurological impairment). Conclusion: CVIC is a rarity, whose postnatal search of etiology can be disappointing. Management has two steps: early (treatment of skin lesions) and late (muscle transfer surgery).