Mandibular chondrosarcoma grade 2: a case report highlighting disease aggressiveness

Introduction and importance: Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors composed of mature cartilage that may arise from cartilage rests within bone or from mesenchymal cells in the periosteum. They are very rare in the maxillofacial region. Case presentation: This is a 38-year-old female patient who consulted for a right mandibular swelling that had been developing for 1 year. The panoramic dental X-ray showed a sunburst image with tooth displacement. An incisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia which led to a diagnosis of grade 2 chondrosarcoma. Unfortunately, the patient died before the beginning of treatment. Clinical discussion: The management of chondrosarcomas remains a complex issue. It begins with a well-adapted clinical, radiographic, and histological diagnostic examination, followed by surgery, with or without chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of chondrosarcoma should be initiated early to achieve better outcomes and reduce the mortality rate. Keywords: chondrosarcoma, early diagnostic, surgical management, prognostic.