A rare presentation of uterine cavity embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a preschool girl: a case report

Introduction and Importance: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma arising from primitive mesenchymal cells. It is rare in childhood and adolescence but is one of the more common pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. Hence, clinical presentation and prompt treatment strategies of such cases should be known for better management. Case Presentation: A 3-year-old girl presented with a one-and-a-half-year history of progressive vaginal mass protrusion and serosanguinous discharge. Abdominal examination revealed a large suprapubic mass extending above the umbilicus. MRI revealed a lesion involving the entire uterus. She underwent a Wertheim-Meigs hysterectomy. Histopathology confirmed embryonal RMS, botryoid variant, originating from the uterine cervix with vaginal extension. Clinical Discussion: RMS originates from rhabdomyoblasts, immature skeletal muscle cells. Botryoid RMS typically presents as multiple grape-like vaginal masses with serosanguinous discharge. Conclusion: Prognosis depends on tumor site, size, extent, residual disease, and histologic sub type. Vaginal lesions generally have better outcomes than cervical ones.