Evaluation of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications in TMJ Arthrocentesis: A Clinical Retrospective Analysis

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of surgical complications and postoperative sequelae after TMJ arthrocentesis, with the injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the joint space. METHODS: Between April 2021 and March 2024, 67 arthrocentesis procedures were performed on 67 patients (46 Females and 21 Males; mean age 39.4±9.75) with TMJ disorders unresponsive to conservative management. Under local anaesthesia, joints were lavaged with 100 cc Ringer's lactate and injected with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Follow-up assessments were conducted on days 3, 7, and 15 after the procedure, during which any complications were evaluated and recorded. RESULTS: This study of 67 arthrocentesis procedures found a low incidence of serious intraoperative complications. The most common postoperative issues were transient, including ipsilateral open bite (49%) and temporary facial nerve paresis (27%). Most complications resolved within 15 days; only facial nerve paresis (2.98%) and localized swelling (3%) persisted. No cases of facial nerve paralysis, preauricular hematoma, or infection were reported in the longer term. CONCLUSIONS: TMJ arthrocentesis is a safe, effective procedure for refractory temporomandibular disorders. Although transient complications like temporary open bite or facial nerve paresis can occur, serious issues are rare. Safety hinges on precise anatomic needle placement, strict sterile technique, and gentle lavage. Most complications resolve quickly, affirming the procedure's low-risk profile.