How Accurate Are the Responses of 4 AI Chatbots to Orthognathic Surgery Questions?
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy, reliability, and comprehensibility of information provided by 4 artificial intelligence (AI)-based language models (ChatGPT-4, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, and DeepSeek-v3) for orthognathic surgery. METHODS: A cross-sectional content analysis was carried out to evaluate the responses generated by ChatGPT-4, Gemini, Copilot, and DeepSeek-v3. A total of 118 questions covering 12 domains related to orthognathic surgery were formulated, and the AI-generated answers were systematically assessed. A 5-point Likert scale was used to independently score the responses. Descriptive statistics were used. The Fisher exact test was applied to examine relationships between categorical variables when the expected value was
Fields of Study & Subjects
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Dental Radiography and Imaging
Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
- Publisher
- Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3/4
- Pages
- 905–910
- Publication date
- 13 January 2026
- Language
- EN