Clavibacter vidaverae sp. nov., Clavibacter rahimiani sp. nov. and Clavibacter davisi sp. nov.: corynebacterial plant pathogens isolated from small-grain cereals

During 2020–2024, 25 Gram-positive actinobacterial strains were isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran. Colony morphology, phenotypic characteristics and multilocus sequence analyses showed that the strains belonged to the coryneform genus Clavibacter (family Microbacteriaceae ). The Clavibacter strains isolated from small-grain cereals in Iran were distributed within five distinct phylogenetic clades. Two of those clades included Clavibacter tessellarius and Clavibacter zhangzhiyongii , while the other three groups of Clavibacter strains were taxonomically undetermined and phylogenetically distinct from all validly described species in the genus. Whole-genome sequence-based indices, i.e. average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), showed that the latter three phylogenetic clades differed from all validly described Clavibacter species, with ANI/dDDH values