Ξ c ( 3055 ) as a scaling point to establish the excited Ξ c ( ′ ) family

The low-lying orbital excitations of Ξ c ( ′ ) baryons are studied within the chiral quark model combined with the P 0 3 decay mechanism. Motivated by the LHCb observation that Ξ c ( 3055 ) is a λ -mode 1 D state with J P = 3 / 2 + , we take it as a reference to constrain model parameters and perform a systematic analysis of states below 3.1 GeV. Our results provide a consistent interpretation of the observed Ξ c spectrum: Ξ c ( 2790 ) and Ξ c ( 2815 ) are well described as a λ -mode 1 P doublet, the structures around 2.9 GeV can be interpreted as P -wave excitations with mixed λ / ρ modes, and Ξ c ( 2970 ) is consistent with a 2 S assignment. Furthermore, Ξ c ( 3055 ) together with Ξ c ( 3080 ) forms a λ -mode D -wave doublet, while Ξ c ( 3123 ) favors a 1 D assignment. These results provide a coherent picture of the low-lying Ξ c spectrum and call for further experimental tests.