Spread complexity rate as proper momentum
Abstract
We demonstrate a precise relation between the rate of complexity of quantum states excited by local operators in two-dimensional conformal field theories and the radial momentum of particles in three-dimensional anti–de Sitter spacetimes. Similar relations have been anticipated based on qualitative models for operator growth. Here, we make this correspondence sharp with two key ingredients: the precise definition of quantum complexity given by the spread complexity of states, and the match of its growth rate to the bulk momentum measured in the proper radial distance coordinate.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 4
- Publication date
- 14 January 2026
- Language
- EN