Nonlinear Gravitational Memory in the Post-Minkowskian Expansion
Abstract
We present the first computation of the nonlinear gravitational memory waveform for the scattering of two compact objects in general relativity at leading order in the post-Minkowskian expansion. We use the scattering-amplitude-based representation of the gravitational waveform, which naturally expresses the nonlinear memory as the contribution of soft gravitons emitted by the gravitational waves themselves. We perform the calculation by applying a multipolar decomposition to the waveform and using the reverse unitarity method to obtain explicit exact-in-velocity predictions. We validate the results by calculating the corresponding velocity-expanded post-Newtonian multipoles, finding perfect agreement. Our results complete the knowledge of the gauge-invariant nonanalytic-in-frequency part of the O ( G 3 ) multipolar waveform, thus providing a useful benchmark for future calculations of this quantity.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
Chaos
Complexity
and Education
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 12
- Publication date
- 19 February 2026
- Language
- EN