Nonlinear Gravitational Memory in the Post-Minkowskian Expansion

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Authors: Alessandro Georgoudis, Vasco Goncalves, Carlo Heissenberg, Julio Parra-Martinez
Cited by: 5
References: 98

Abstract

We present the first computation of the nonlinear gravitational memory waveform for the scattering of two compact objects in general relativity at leading order in the post-Minkowskian expansion. We use the scattering-amplitude-based representation of the gravitational waveform, which naturally expresses the nonlinear memory as the contribution of soft gravitons emitted by the gravitational waves themselves. We perform the calculation by applying a multipolar decomposition to the waveform and using the reverse unitarity method to obtain explicit exact-in-velocity predictions. We validate the results by calculating the corresponding velocity-expanded post-Newtonian multipoles, finding perfect agreement. Our results complete the knowledge of the gauge-invariant nonanalytic-in-frequency part of the O ( G 3 ) multipolar waveform, thus providing a useful benchmark for future calculations of this quantity.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life Chaos Complexity and Education Cosmology and Gravitation Theories

Publication details

Journal / source
Physical Review Letters
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Volume
136
Issue
12
Publication date
19 February 2026
Language
EN