Sub-Doppler cooling of bosonic strontium in a two-color magneto-optical trap

We report a two-color magneto-optical trap that continuously operates on the $\mathrm{(5s^2)\:^1S_0-(5s5p)\:^1P_1}$ and $\mathrm{(5s5p)\:^3P_2-(5s5d)\:^3D_3}$ transitions in $\mathrm{^{88}Sr}$. Owing to the sub-Doppler cooling from the metastable $\mathrm{(5s5p)\:^3P_2}$ state, a bimodal momentum distribution is observed, with the cold part of the ensemble reaching a temperature of 105 $\mathrmμ$K. A detailed simulation is established to explain the data. The absolute frequency of the $\mathrm{(5s5p)\:^3P_2-(5s5d)\:^3D_3}$ transition is measured to be 603 976 473 ${\pm}$ 2 MHz using a frequency comb, improving the literature value. The accompanying magnetic trap is characterized, and is shown to contribute to the sequential production of ensembles with temperatures down to 45 $\mathrmμ$K.