Self-Testing Quantum Randomness Expansion on an Integrated Photonic Chip

The power of quantum random number generation is more than just the ability to create truly random numbers—it can also enable , which allows the user to verify the implementation integrity of critical quantum components with minimal assumptions. In this work, we develop and implement a self-testing quantum random number generator (QRNG) chipset capable of generating 15.33 Mbits of certifiable randomness in each run, producing an expansion rate of 5.11 × 10 − 4 at a repetition rate of 10 MHz, with quantum side information considered for a high level of security. The chip design is based on a highly loss-and-noise-tolerant measurement-device-independent protocol, where random coherent states encoded using quadrature phase shift keying are used to self-test the integrated homodyne detectors—well-known to be challenging to characterize in practice. Importantly, this proposal opens up the possibility of implementing miniaturized self-testing QRNG devices at production scale using standard silicon photonics foundry platforms.