Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities

Hendrik Roch; Grégoire Pihan; Akihiko Monnai; S. Ryu; N. Senthilkumar; J. Staudenmaier; H. Elfner; B. Schenke; J. Putschke; C. P. Shen; Steffen A. Bass; M. Chartier; Y. Chen; Rashmi Datta; R. Dolan; Lipei Du; R. Ehlers; Rainer J. Fries; C. Gale; D. A. Hangal; B. V. Jacak; P. M. Jacobs; S. Jeon; Y. Ji; F. Jonas; M. Kordell; Ashok Kumar; R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli; J. Latessa; Y. -J. Lee; Matthew Luzum; Abhijit Majumder; Simon Mak; A. Mankolli; C. Martin; H. Mehryar; T. Mengel; C. Nattrass; Justin Norman; Matthew Robert Ockleton; Charles Thomas Parker; J. -F. Paquet; G. Roland; L. Schwiebert; A. Sengupta; Manjeet Singh; C. Sirimanna; R. A. Soltz; I. Soudi; Y. Tachibana; J. Velkovska; G. Vujanovic; X. -N. Wang; X. Wu; Xiaofeng Zhang; W. R. Zhao

doi:10.1103/nvyy-kxhd

Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities

Physical Review C 2026 Open access

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Authors: Hendrik Roch, Grégoire Pihan, Akihiko Monnai, S. Ryu, N. Senthilkumar, J. Staudenmaier, H. Elfner, B. Schenke, J. Putschke, C. P. Shen, Steffen A. Bass, M. Chartier

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Y. Chen, Rashmi Datta, R. Dolan, Lipei Du, R. Ehlers, Rainer J. Fries, C. Gale, D. A. Hangal, B. V. Jacak, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jeon, Y. Ji, F. Jonas, M. Kordell, Ashok Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, J. Latessa, Y. -J. Lee, Matthew Luzum, Abhijit Majumder, Simon Mak, A. Mankolli, C. Martin, H. Mehryar, T. Mengel, C. Nattrass, Justin Norman, Matthew Robert Ockleton, Charles Thomas Parker, J. -F. Paquet, G. Roland, L. Schwiebert, A. Sengupta, Manjeet Singh, C. Sirimanna, R. A. Soltz, I. Soudi, Y. Tachibana, J. Velkovska, G. Vujanovic, X. -N. Wang, X. Wu, Xiaofeng Zhang, W. R. Zhao

DOI: 10.1103/nvyy-kxhd

Cited by: 2

References: 97

Abstract

We employ the SMASH transport model to provide event-by-event initial conditions for the energy-momentum tensor and conserved charge currents in hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We study the fluctuations and dynamical evolution of three conserved charge currents (net baryon, net electric charges, and net strangeness) with a 4D lattice-QCD-based equation of state, NEOS-4D, in the hydrodynamic phase. Out-of-equilibrium corrections at the particlization are generalized to finite densities to ensure the conservation of energy, momentum, and the three types of charges. These theoretical developments are integrated within the X-SCAPE code as a unified framework for studying the nuclear matter properties in the Beam Energy Scan program.

Fields of Study & Subjects

High-Energy Particle Collisions Research Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics

Publication details

Journal / source: Physical Review C
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Volume: 113
Issue: 2
Publication date: 27 January 2026
Language: EN

References 97