Third law of repetitive electric Penrose processes
Abstract
Recently, Ruffini et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 134 (2025) 8, 081403] pointed out that the repetitive Penrose process cannot drain the entire extractable energy of a Kerr black hole. In this Letter, we alternatively point out the charge of a Reissner-Nordström black hole cannot drop down to exactly zero via the repetitive electric Penrose process that is terminated after a finite number of iterative steps, indicating a new thermodynamical third-law analog for the repetitive electric Penrose process.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 6
- Publication date
- 18 February 2026
- Language
- EN