Muon injection and acceleration via ultraintense electron beam-driven plasma wakefield

High-flux, high-energy muon beams hold transformative potential for particle physics, yet rapid acceleration to relativistic energies in plasma wakefields is limited by dephasing arising from their larger mass and lower velocity. Here, we propose a method for longitudinal injection and stable acceleration of low-energy muons using a plasma density up-ramp to separate the deceleration and acceleration regions. The nonlinear wakefield configuration required for muon injection was obtained analytically using Hamiltonian dynamics, and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations showed that the initial energy and emittance conditions of injectable muons can be tuned. Driven by an ultraintense 23 GeV electron beam, muons with an initial energy of 300 MeV attain a final energy of 40 GeV, with an 18.85% energy spread and a normalized emittance of 8.86 mm mrad. These findings provide a feasible pathway toward the development of compact muon colliders, with potential to advance particle physics and enable the exploration of phenomena beyond the Standard Model.