Experience with the Jungfrau-1M detector at Diamond Light Source

A Jungfrau-1M detector has undergone testing at Diamond Light Source. The Jungfrau series of detectors from PSI use integration and adaptive gain, to offer very high frame rate and dynamic range, suitable for high-flux and time-resolved measurements. They are becoming more widely used, to take advantage of increasing light source brightness. We report on our experiences in testing the performance of a Jungfrau-1M without illumination, with a laboratory X-ray tube and on a microfocus beamline. The Jungfrau-1M was found to be able to resolve single photons in the laboratory and on the beamline. It was confirmed that range switching from high to intermediate gain is associated with a discontinuity in the detector response. Two methods of dark frame subtraction were compared for their effect on minimizing this discontinuity. The Jungfrau-1M was found to be very effective for recording macromolecular crystallography diffraction patterns, with no apparent detriment from the discontinuity. The Diamond machine will be upgraded in 2028-9 and will operate at significantly higher flux than at present, necessitating increased use of integrating detectors, such as Jungfrau, in the future.