Technology as a Catalyst for Sustainable Port Operations in Brazil

Purpose: With increasing global demand for maritime transport, Brazilian ports are under pressure to enhance efficiency while addressing environmental issues like pollution, energy consumption, and security. This study investigates the role of emerging technologies in promoting sustainability in Brazil’s port sector, aligned with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9, which prioritises innovation and infrastructure. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research analysed 23 sustainability reports from port authorities and terminal operators, many of which belong to the same corporate groups. These reports represent 81% of Brazil’s total port throughput in 2021, providing a robust and representative view of the sector’s sustainability practices. Findings: Key technologies such as cameras, radar systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and vessel traffic services (VTS), are instrumental in improving operational efficiency, environmental monitoring, traffic management, and port security. These tools aid in early problem detection, reduce environmental impact, and lay the groundwork for more advanced digital solutions like the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning. The study reveals two central insights: The significant role of AI and VTS in enhancing governance, safety, and sustainability, and the growing readiness of Brazilian ports to adopt digital innovations. However, eight companies did not mention such technologies in their reports, indicating a need for more transparent and detailed disclosures. Practical Implications: This research emphasises the importance of digital technologies in boosting both sustainability and competitiveness. It calls for improved transparency in sustainability reporting and enhanced preparation for digital transformation. Future studies should compare Brazilian ports internationally to assess their global positioning and competitiveness.