The Potential of Geoengineering for Sustainable Development: Insights from Literature

Purpose: Geoengineering, a multidisciplinary field combining geoenvironmental, geotechnical, geological, and energy engineering, is gaining attention as a tool for promoting sustainable development. In response to the urgent challenges of climate change, geoengineering offers innovative solutions for mitigation and adaptation. This study examines its role in advancing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), analyzing the synergies and trade-offs of its applications. Design/Methodology/Approach: A bibliometric review of nearly 700 documents highlights geoengineering’s potential to address climate issues, while raising ethical concerns about unintended consequences and inequalities. These concerns underscore the need for robust governance frameworks to ensure equitable outcomes. This study focuses on geoengineering’s contributions to key SDGs, including SDG 3 (Good Health), SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 7 (Affordable Energy), SDG 9 (Industry Innovation), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 17 (Partnerships). These goals align with areas where geoengineering can significantly impact energy production, waste management, and urban resilience. Findings: Additionally, the study explores the regional distribution of research, authorship trends, and keyword co-occurrence, offering insights into the evolving field. The findings emphasize the complexity of integrating geoengineering into sustainable development pathways, calling for transparent, inclusive decision-making that considers long-term environmental and societal impact. Practical Implications: The study concludes that geoengineering should complement existing governmental strategies, promoting sustainability through international collaboration and further research.