Enhancing universal design through co-design: perceptions of practice, process and outcomes

Purpose Co-design aims to strengthen design outcomes by meaningfully engaging users in design processes. To enhance architectural accessibility, there is increased interest in engaging people with disability in co-design processes. However, little is known about how co-design is implemented in the design of large-scale public buildings, what outcomes are achieved and what factors influence the meaningful participation of people with disability in architectural co-design. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was employed to explore stakeholder perspectives on a co-design initiative undertaken to enhance the universal design of a civic precinct in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants – five architects, three City Council employees and one Council Access and Inclusion Advisory Committee member. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. This approach identified key themes that encapsulated participants’ experiences and perceptions of co-design with people with disability to enhance the universal design of a public building. Findings Four overarching themes were identified from the analysis: (1) Co-design is shaped by those involved; (2) Co-design must be meaningful and inclusive; (3) Co-design and universal design must be prioritised throughout design stages; and (4) Co-design leads to improved design and capacity building. Originality/value This study contributes new knowledge about the practice of co-design in the context of large-scale public architecture. It provides valuable insight into the experiences of architects, people with disability and local government stakeholders, revealing both the complexities and potential of inclusive co-design. Findings also suggest a reciprocal relationship between universal design and co-design whereby application of one approach may strengthen application of the other.