How is justice addressed in collaborative local climate action?

Purpose Local governments play a critical role in addressing climate change through a justice lens to ensure that climate action benefits equity-denied communities who experience disproportionate impacts. This study examines how equity is negotiated and incorporated in collaborative local climate planning and action. Design/methodology/approach We analyzed 12 Canadian cases of local climate action partnerships through document analyses and 55 interviews with local government staff, businesses, NGOs and community organizations. Using an urban climate justice theoretical framework, we identified key themes related to equity goals, actions and obstacles. Findings Equity goals focus on partnership design, as well as impact and process goals, while equity actions focus on governance, Indigenous collaboration, working with underserved groups, engagement, inclusion and equity indicators. Our findings reveal that partnerships that prioritize equity from the start are more effective in planning and implementing equitable climate actions. Persistent obstacles include limited funding, tokenistic engagement and technocentric approaches that undermine equity. Our findings highlight that strong leadership and the institutionalization of equity at vertical and horizontal governance levels are needed to advance climate justice. Originality/value This research refines urban climate justice theory by framing equity as a negotiated process within multistakeholder partnerships. Practically, it offers actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners to institutionalize equity through leadership and structural reforms, and to support community-level climate action for more inclusive climate actions. The findings extend beyond Canada, informing equitable local climate governance globally.