Geopolitical disruptions and global supply chains: laying theoretical foundations and building conceptual framework

Purpose This conceptual article develops a robust theoretical framework for Geopolitical Supply Chain Disruptions (GSCD) by integrating and synthesising extant Operations Management (OM) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) literature with a novel, interdisciplinary perspective from International Relations (IR). It aims to enhance explanatory power and overcome the limitations of conventional theories in understanding GSCD, providing a novel lens to examine the effects of escalating geopolitical tensions on supply chain design, performance and resilience. Design/methodology/approach The study identifies theories routinely applied in OSCM and their limitations in analysing the GSCD phenomenon. Building on a Practical Theorising Model, the study integrates key IR theories: Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism to develop a conceptual framework that bridges SCM/OM and IR perspectives. Findings The study presents theoretical propositions addressing the causes, propagation and consequences of geopolitical disruptions in supply chains. These propositions combine theories routinely used in SCM/OM literature with IR perspectives, laying a foundation for new managerial strategy and future empirical validation. The study also offers a formal definition of GSCD, useful for future researchers. Originality/value This study is the first to theorise geopolitical disruptions in supply chains through an IR lens, offering an innovative interdisciplinary approach. It contributes a novel conceptual framework and research directions for advancing this still-emerging but critical field.