Empowering youth for sustainable heritage conservation: a holistic framework for Malaysia

Purpose This study aims to develop a sustainable framework for cultural heritage conservation in Malaysia by integrating youth participation, digital innovation, economic integration and strategic partnerships. Addressing the challenges posed by urbanisation, globalisation and climate change, the framework ensures that both tangible and intangible heritage remain relevant while contributing to sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining concept mapping and factor analysis to explore youth perspectives on heritage conservation. Data were collected through workshops and surveys, engaging young Malaysians in defining key heritage preservation strategies. The analysis resulted in six interrelated components that form a holistic, sustainability-driven framework. Findings The study identifies key enablers for sustainable heritage management: heritage education, digital documentation, economic incentives, community collaboration and public–private partnerships. Findings highlight that youth engagement through digital tools enhances accessibility and interest in heritage, while economic integration through tourism and cultural industries supports long-term sustainability. Originality/value This research contributes to the sustainable heritage management discourse by proposing an innovative framework that integrates technological advancements, economic models and participatory governance. The study provides practical recommendations for policymakers, educators and cultural institutions to align heritage conservation with broader sustainability goals, ensuring long-term resilience and community engagement.