Assessing the interplay between tourism development, cultural preservation, and economic growth in Nigeria: a case of the Osun Groves, Osogbo

Purpose This study examines the interplay between tourism development, cultural preservation, and economic growth at Nigeria's Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, to inform sustainable management strategies for Nigeria's historic sites. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study approach was employed, integrating semi-structured interviews with local community members, heritage managers, and tourism operators, direct observation during site visits, and analysis of policy documents. Thematic analysis was used to interpret data and identify key patterns. Findings Tourism at the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove generates essential revenue for site maintenance, supports local employment, and stimulates business growth. However, it also introduces environmental pressures, risks of cultural commodification, and challenges in equitable benefit distribution. Community engagement and traditional custodianship are crucial for maintaining authenticity and resilience. The study reveals that while tourism can be a catalyst for economic growth and heritage preservation, over-commercialisation and inadequate infrastructure threaten long-term sustainability. Research limitations/implications The qualitative design limits generalisability but offers transferable insights for similar heritage sites. Future research could employ mixed-methods approaches for broader applicability. Practical implications Policymakers and site managers should prioritise community-led initiatives, improve infrastructure, and enforce conservation regulations. Equitable benefit-sharing and responsible visitor management are vital for sustainable tourism development. Originality/value This research provides a nuanced, stakeholder-informed perspective on balancing tourism, cultural preservation, and economic growth at a major heritage site. It offers actionable recommendations for sustainable management, relevant to heritage managers, policymakers, and local communities.