Mapping the interdependent causal structure of blockchain adoption in supply chain: a DEMATEL-based framework for strategic implementation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the critical factors influencing blockchain implementation in supply chain networks. Although blockchain facilitates increased transparency, traceability and trust, adoption is still ambiguous and context dependent. This research differentiates between antecedents and outcomes to identify the necessary conditions for digital transformation success. Design/methodology/approach Twelve technological, organisational and environmental factors were identified through a systematic review of leading research. A panel of 15 experts from the academic, consultancy and industrial fields assessed the relationships existing between these factors. The Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory was used to map the direct and indirect influences and reveal the causal structure relevant to the adoption of blockchain. Findings The four primary causal drivers – regulatory clarity, organisational readiness, relative advantage and competitive pressure – were viewed as facilitating blockchain adoption through investing and collaboration, at various levels of the supply chain. Technological elements such as scalability, interoperability and security were considered consequences of the drivers. Practical implications It is crucial for managers to develop the capability and regulatory alignment of the organisation before focusing on technology optimisation. As it is with building any type of capability, an assessment of governance is necessary so perform cross-industry collaboration across the supply-chain ecosystem, to foster transparency and resiliency. Originality/value By integrating the Technology–Organisation–Environment and Institutional Theory perspectives, the study proposes a combined framework that describes the ordered influences on blockchain adoption. The framework suggests benchmarking insights for strategic adoption and policy implementation in digital supply chains.