Can intelligence-led policing work in countering terrorism? Understanding the Bangladesh case

Purpose The effectiveness of intelligence-led policing (ILP) as a counterterrorism model in Bangladesh, a nation that has faced repeated extremist threats since the 1990s, including the 2016 Holey Artisan Bakery attack, is examined in this article. The study aims to evaluate the potential, difficulties and extent of ILP as a proactive and preventive policing approach to combat violent extremism and terrorism. Design/methodology/approach The study's methodology is qualitative, incorporating a critical case-centric analysis and 25 key informant interviews with officials from the Bangladesh Police and specialized counterterrorism units. Secondary literature and policy reviews are also included. The primary subjects of analysis are institutional frameworks, decision-making procedures and operational procedures related to the gathering, processing and sharing of intelligence. Findings Results show that although Bangladesh has made extensive use of human intelligence (HUMINT) within its decentralized police structure, there are still deficiencies in inter-agency coordination, technological capabilities, human resources and legal readiness. The systematic adoption of ILP is hindered by colonial-era regulations and ad hoc practices, despite recent operational successes. The study offers a 10-point list of practical suggestions for integrating ILP into counterterrorism policing, including community involvement, interagency cooperation, capacity building and legal reforms. Practical implications By situating ILP in the Global South and drawing on empirical insights from a nation case that has received little attention in intelligence and policing scholarship, this article highlights how ILP can enhance Bangladesh's preventive counterterrorism efforts if structural changes are implemented. Originality/value The study's originality lies in linking ILP to Bangladesh's evolving policing and security landscape, thereby offering a framework for both scholars and policy-makers.