Emotionally Intelligent Behavior in Context: Moving Research From the what to the How

ABSTRACT Emotional intelligence (EI) relates to organizationally relevant outcomes, yet extant research has barely shed light on how EI manifests in observable behavior. In this theoretical chapter, we propose a procedural framework for emotionally intelligent behavior that systematically integrates contextual influences. First, drawing on emotion theory and emotion regulation, we argue that context shapes the goals of emotionally intelligent behavior. Specific situations generate distinct emotional requirements, prompting individuals to select and adapt behaviors that align with these demands. A fit with emotional requirements is refined and achieved through continuous feedback loops. Second, we examine how context influences the enactment of emotionally intelligent behaviors. Building on situational strength theory, we propose that emotionally intelligent behavior is more fully and effectively enacted in weak situations (i.e., those with few behavioral cues and constraints), which allow for a broader repertoire of externally and internally focused behaviors and more flexible monitoring and feedback processes. In contrast, strong situations, in which clear expectations limit the range of possible behaviors, often necessitate a shift toward internal regulation strategies. In cases where no adaptive behavioral response is feasible, the process of continuous monitoring may become maladaptive. Finally, we flip the script to explore how environments themselves can be intentionally designed to foster emotionally intelligent behavior. We propose that organizational contexts can be structured to support the emergence and effectiveness of emotionally intelligent behavior in everyday work life.