Analysing the Influences on African Accounting With a Focus on Portuguese-Speaking African Countries: A Literature Review

Abstract This study aims to identify, through a literature review, the main accounting, colonial and legal influences in Sub-Saharan African countries. Using a qualitative approach based on the analysis of academic articles, it is evident that colonial legacies played a central role in shaping the region’s accounting systems. Countries under French influence adopted models such as SYSCOHADA, developed through regional multilateral agreements. In those with a British tradition, the principles of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) prevailed. In Portuguese-influenced countries, such as Angola and Mozambique, the Portuguese accounting system was maintained due to historical continuity, a shared language and diplomatic relations. In addition to colonial legacies, other relevant influences are observed. In countries with a significant Muslim population, such as Nigeria, Sudan and Djibouti, accounting practices are shaped by Shariah principles through the adoption of standards issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), which prohibit the use of interest, promote risk-sharing and emphasise ethical and transparent practices. Furthermore, globalisation, technological advances, regional economic integration and pressure from international bodies such as the IMF and the World Bank have driven the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) across several Sub-Saharan countries, fostering greater harmonisation and comparability. Despite sharing similar legal frameworks, accounting systems in these countries have evolved differently due to distinct institutional and regional contexts. The study suggests future research on comparative accounting, the impact of international standards adoption, regulatory structures, professional training and the role of technology in enhancing transparency and sustainable economic development, especially in Portuguese-speaking African countries.