Sustainable Development in South Africa: Using Critical Systems Heuristics for Corporate Social Investment Decision-Making

Abstract Corporate social investment (CSI) has become increasingly crucial for the reputation of companies, including in South Africa, where it is mainly reported through corporate affairs. The literature focusing on decision-making in CSI is vast in its ability to discuss various issues and challenges with a bias on management, reports and profit maximisation. Therefore, this research seeks to add to this discussion by using critical systems thinking, which focuses on power relations, interrelationships and perspectives when considering interventions, such as CSI interventions sponsored by banks. Qualitative methods were used to gain in-depth knowledge using a semi-structured interview schedule with 32 purported beneficiaries of CSI initiatives in South Africa. The results elucidated the complex relationship between the decision-maker, controllers of resources and decision-making environment prevalent in the CSI initiatives sponsored by banks in South Africa. The research concluded that because of where the source of power behind CSI initiatives lies (in the hands of those with the resources), it was no surprise that the status quo of unemployment, poverty and inequality has not improved. Regarding resources used in the CSI initiatives, purported beneficiaries would benefit from ensuring the latest technology. Reducing the burden on purported beneficiaries is recommended by providing the resources required to implement the CSI initiative.