Hybrid Renewable Energy Optimization Using HOMER Pro: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda for Emerging Economies

Undoubtedly, there is a rising need for electricity as a result of population increase and economic expansion. Power utility companies are working to meet these expectations in both the generation and transmission sectors using conventional fossil fuel-powered generators. However, these traditional generators do have certain drawbacks, such as high maintenance and operation costs. They also contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to global warming. To mitigate these issues, the use of renewable energy sources in a standalone mode with a battery energy storage backup or in hybrid mode (Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES)) with an already existing conventional power system is strongly recommended. In this study, a comprehensive review of the different criteria for developing an optimal HRES is presented. In addition, the study considered the software and techniques used for modelling HRES, highlighting various benefits and challenges associated with each of them. Furthermore, a detailed methodology for developing an optimal HRES is presented utilizing the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software, with a specific focus on the tool’s capabilities, limitations, and contextual applicability in policy-sensitive and energy-scarce environments like South Africa. Finally, this paper recommended emerging tools and approaches for modelling and optimizing the operation and performance of more complex energy systems, including those involving improved HRES reliability and resilience, components control, battery health and modelling, and life cycle assessment. This will guide researchers in developing an optimal HRES to meet the increasing and emerging energy demand.