Development and Validation of a Task-Technology Fit Questionnaire to Evaluate Telemedicine Applications From Physicians’ Perspective

Telemedicine has the potential to enhance both the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. Patients can access telemedicine through various modes, one of which is via applications. Evaluating the task–technology fit (TTF) of telemedicine applications is essential to ensure that they effectively meet user needs and, in particular, support physicians’ tasks in delivering remote healthcare services. However, no instrument has been specifically developed to assess the TTF of telemedicine applications from the physician’s perspective. This study, therefore, aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire-based instrument for evaluating the TTF of telemedicine applications from the physician’s perspective. A mixed-methods approach was employed, consisting of two phases. In the first phase, the instrument was developed through a literature review, interviews, and expert feedback. In the second phase, the instrument was validated through assessments of content validity, face validity, construct validity (convergent and discriminant), reliability (internal consistency), and predictive validity. Content and face validity were assessed by six experts and ten physicians, respectively. Construct validity, reliability, and predictive validity were evaluated using data from 185 physicians and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The final TTF instrument, named Telemedicine Application Task–Technology Fit Questionnaire (TATTFQ), comprises 36 items across nine dimensions. The findings indicate that the developed TTF instrument has adequate relevance, reliability, and validity, making it suitable for evaluating the TTF of telemedicine applications from the physicians’ perspective. This instrument has strong potential for widespread use in evaluation and development programs aimed at optimizing telemedicine applications.