Design of Orthogonal Phase of Arrival Positioning Scheme Based on 5G PRS and Optimization of TOA Performance

This study analyzes the performance of positioning techniques based on configuration changes of 5G New Radio (NR) signals. In 5G networks, a terminal’s position is determined from the Time of Arrival (TOA) of Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) transmitted by base stations. We propose an algorithm that improves TOA accuracy under low sampling-rate constraints and implement 5G PRS for positioning in a software-defined modem. We also examine how flexible time–frequency resource allocation of PRS affects TOA estimation accuracy and discuss optimal PRS configurations for a given signal environment. With the proposed configuration, the terminal can achieve sub-sample TOA accuracy, reaching approximately 0.3 samples.