A Multi-Scale Residual Attention Network for Drainage Pump Fault Diagnosis

Fault diagnosis of drainage pumps is essential for ensuring the safe and stable operation of drainage systems. However, vibration signals acquired from drainage pumps under practical operating conditions are often characterized by strong non-stationarity, unavoidable environmental interference, and fault features distributed across multiple temporal scales, which poses significant challenges to accurate multi-class fault identification. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-scale residual attention convolutional neural network (MRANet) for drainage pump fault diagnosis. A multi-scale residual attention feature extraction (MRAFE) module is designed to jointly model fault-related information at different temporal scales by means of parallel convolutions and residual connections, while attention mechanisms are incorporated within each scale branch to enhance discriminative fault features. Furthermore, a complementary multi-level feature integration (CMFI) strategy is developed to effectively integrate features extracted at different network depths, enabling end-to-end fault identification directly from raw one-dimensional vibration signals. Extensive experiments are conducted on a drainage pump vibration dataset containing eight operating conditions. Experimental results show that MRANet achieves an accuracy of 95.43%, outperforming several benchmark models. These results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for multi-class fault diagnosis of drainage pumps.