Integrated Evaluation Model for Smart Village Effectiveness: A Mixed-Methods and Thematic Analysis Approach

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has encouraged the emergence of the Smart Village concept as an innovative approach to sustainable rural development. However, a comprehensive evaluation model to measure the effectiveness of Smart Village implementation, particularly in terms of acceptance, adoption, and sustainability, is still lacking. This study aims to develop an integrated effectiveness evaluation model by combining two major theoretical frameworks: the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Information Systems Success Model. The research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates literature review, in-depth interviews, field observations, and case studies in three Smart Village pilot locations in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns, themes, and key factors influencing implementation effectiveness. The findings indicate that the proposed model incorporates six dimensions of information systems success and five innovation adoption attributes, reinforced by contextual factors such as village leadership, digital infrastructure readiness, technological literacy, and community participation. This integrated model provides an evaluative framework that can be used to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of Smart Village implementation. Furthermore, it offers both theoretical and practical contributions by supporting policymakers and practitioners in designing more effective, participatory, and sustainable rural development strategies through technology-driven governance initiatives.