Full Space Coverage Enhancement for Cellular Communication Systems via 3D-IRS: 2W Deployment Toward 6G Application

Three-dimensional Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (3D-IRS) offer significant advantages for enhancing cellular coverage in wireless communications and improving network competence. The main objective of this study is to broaden the scope of existing cellular communication systems by utilizing a Single Intelligent Reflecting Surface (S-IRS) methodology. Three representative use cases were examined in order to assess the effectiveness of the Area of Segmental Arc (ASA) algorithm in conjunction with 3D-IRS deployment and to evaluate system performance. The advantages of the proposed algorithms and mechanisms in enabling full-space cellular coverage are demonstrated by these scenarios. To maximize full-space wireless coverage, the system was modeled and evaluated using MATLAB. According to simulation results, the proposed Coverage Maximization Algorithm (CMA) achieves coverage areas of 1408 m2 for 5G implementations with optimized structural arrangements, 798 m2 under the power scenario (PT = 2 W), and 780 m2 under the distance scenario (Dp = 100 m). Overall, CMA provides an average coverage improvement of 16.61% compared to the singular IRS configuration when evaluated under identical system parameters, as measured by changes in the spatial horizon area. Furthermore, the simulation results specify that the Base Station (BS) side scheme, which places the IRS close to the base station, establishes an initial benchmark coverage area of 295,060 m². In contrast, the Random algorithm uses optimized IRS orientation to achieve a coverage area of 452 m², which is a 53% improvement over the baseline. These results demonstrate how 3D-IRS and CMA have great potential to improve full-space cellular coverage in next-generation wireless networks.