Decentralized Stabilization of Smart Grids Against Deception Cyber-Attack via Active Disturbance Rejection Control

Modern power infrastructure has evolved into Smart Grids (SGs), which are complex cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrating electrical networks with advanced communication and IT/OT. Due to their digitalization, SGs are particularly vulnerable to cyber threats such as deception attacks or fake data injection, which can cause system instability, widespread blackouts, cascading failures, and serious economic damage. This paper presents a novel decentralized stabilizer that strengthens the power grid's defences against these cyber-physical threats. This has been performed for the first time by applying the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) approach to smart grid anti-attack control. The IEEE 39-bus, 10-generator New England test system, which is divided into three sub-networks, each consisting of coherent generators, is used to illustrate the stabilizer's efficacy. The robustness of the system against stochastic deception attacks, which are modeled using a Bernoulli distribution, is examined. Comparing the proposed ADRC approach to conventional H∞, linear quadratic regulator, and PID control schemes demonstrates its superiority.