Improving Zero-Noise Extrapolation for Quantum-Gate Error Mitigation Using a Noise-Aware Folding Method

Recent hundred-qubit processors represent a significant hardware advancement, but current limitations prevent effective quantum error correction (QEC), necessitating reliance on quantum error mitigation (QEM) to enhance result fidelity from quantum computers. Our paper introduces a noise-aware folding technique that enhances Zero-Noise Extrapolation (ZNE) by leveraging the noise characteristics of target quantum hardware to fold circuits more efficiently. Unlike traditional ZNE approaches assuming uniform error distribution, our method redistributes noise using calibration data based on hardware noise models. By employing a noise-adaptive compilation method combined with our proposed folding mechanism, we enhance the ZNE accuracy of quantum gate-based computing using superconducting quantum computers. This paper highlights the uniqueness of our method, summarizes noise accumulation, presents the scaling algorithm, and compares the reliability of our method with those of existing models using linear extrapolation model. Experimental results show that compared to existing folding methods, our approach achieved up to a 23.6% improvement on quantum computer simulators and up to a 44.8% improvement on real quantum computers, with statistical confidence intervals indicating stable performance gains across circuit scales.