A Comparative Study of Titanium and Vanadium MXenes as Capacitive Electrodes for Energy Applications

The rising demand to meet the need for clean and sustainable energy solutions has led the market to create effective energy storage technologies. This paper comprehensively analyzes the structural and electrochemical characteristics of titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) MXenes, two-dimensional materials that have gathered significant interest for their potential in energy storage applications. The MXenes were synthesized using the in-situ HF synthesis route, which resulted in tunable surface chemistry and good electrochemical properties. The structural properties were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. Experimental results reveal significant differences in the structural properties and electrochemical behavior of V-based and Ti-based MXenes, with $\mathrm{V}_{2} \mathrm{CT}_{\mathrm{x}}$ demonstrating superior capacitance retention and cycling stability. This study enhances the understanding of non- Ti-based MXenes and their potential for improving energy storage systems, filling a critical research gap in the energy storage field.