Renewable Energy-Based Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: A Review

The global transition toward electric mobility highlights the urgent need for sustainable and intelligent charging infrastructure powered by renewable energy sources. This paper presents a review of the technical, economic, and operational challenges associated with renewable-based electric vehicle charging systems. Core focus areas include integration of recent energy storage technologies and adaptive energy management frameworks enhanced by artificial intelligence, power quality, and grid stability. The study further examines the role of smart technologies such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and artificial intelligence-driven control strategies that enhance flexibility, cost-efficiency, and responsiveness. By synthesizing recent advancements and multidisciplinary insights, this review aims to guide the development of scalable, inclusive, and environmentally responsible electric vehicle charging ecosystems.