Revolutionizing Vaccine Transport: An IoT-Enabled Smart Cold Storage Box for Real-Time Temperature Monitoring

Throughout their lives, vaccines–interventions that can save lives–need to be kept in carefully monitored, low-temperature environments. Traditional cold storage systems can suffer from limited data visibility, unreliable power supply, and no automated monitoring in remote and resource-constrained locations. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) and renewable energy integration-based smart cold storage system to provide continuous vaccine preservation between 2°C and 8°C, as recommended by the WHO. It makes use of GSM/Wi-Fi modules, sensors, a cloud dashboard, and a NodeMCU microcontroller. Real hardware results validate the design, as the hardware prototype successfully maintains constant temperature control, sends out instant digital alerts, and enables cloud-based monitoring of vaccine storage conditions. The remedy resolves long-standing issues with vaccine transportation and storage while ensuring sustainability, scalability, and real time monitoring.