Se3DGSMark: Securing Frequency-Based Watermarking with Token Chunking for 3DGS

Existing 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) watermarking methods often overlook model security and lack robustness against geometric attacks. To address these limitations, we propose a novel end-to-end security framework for 3DGS that integrates key-controlled model access with a frequency-domain watermarking scheme, named Se3DGSMark. First, we enhance overall model security by adversarially optimizing and encrypting the spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients of the 3DGS model, rendering it unusable without a valid key. Second, to ensure robust data embedding, we apply a frequency-domain algorithm to embed watermarking information directly into the rendered image. Furthermore, we embed the watermark exclusively in blue channel, achieving superior imperceptibility with a PSNR exceeding 45 dB. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method, not only provides a secure mechanism but also surpasses existing methods in both imperceptibility and resistance to geometric attacks.