CSRR-Integrated Circular MPA Sensor for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disorder that requires monitoring of blood sugar to avoid health risks. This research presents a non-invasive sensor for sugar level detection, integrating a CSRR with a circular microstrip patch antenna. The incorporation of the CSRR below patch yields extra resonant modes and further localization of electromagnetic fields, leading to a higher sensitivity to slight dielectric changes in biological samples. The proposed sensor yields three separate resonances at 1.6, 3.17 and 5.66 GHz in response to visible changes in frequency for changing glucose values. A multilayer finger phantom model for performance evaluation was constructed to emulate the human finger. Simulation results indicate that the highest sensitivity of 119 kHz/mg·dL-1can be achieved, with a good linear relationship (R2= 0.9795), for the blood glucose concentrations covering a range from 100 to 300 mg/dL. The MPA sensor was fabricated on a double-sided copper clad by the help of standard chemical etching techniques. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and experimental S₁₁ responses, indicating the electromagnetic stability of the fabricated prototype. Due to its compact size, simplicity and low cost, the present sensor has a great potential for real-time non-invasive monitoring of glucose.