Design and Implementation of a Charging System for Lead Acid Battery

The need for efficient energy storage systems has become essential due to the absence of centralized power grids. Among the commonly used batteries, lead-acid and lithium-ion types are widely employed in vehicles and inverter applications. Lead-acid batteries, in particular, are extensively used as primary and backup power sources. For effective battery utilization, the charging circuit plays a vital role, ensuring the battery is charged to full capacity while minimizing overcharging to extend battery life. The novelty of this work lies in design and implementation of low cost, a constant voltage battery charging system for lead acid batteries. The charging system is developed and analyzed through simulation using MATLAB. A low-cost transistor-based automatic cut-off circuit is incorporated to provide overcharge protection, thereby reducing overall cost of system. The system is also implemented in hardware, and the experimental results validate the simulation output. In addition, a UPS charging module is integrated to monitor real-time battery charging parameters. The developed charging system demonstrates efficient, reliable and safe charging of lead acid batteries, achieving full charge within one hour.