Design and Analysis of CSRR-based Microwave Sensor for Rapid Detection of Milk Adulteration

Milk adulteration is a serious health concern; hence, the need for rapid, accurate, and non-invasive analytical tools for milk adulteration detection is of high priority. This study proposes a microwave sensor using a Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) for rapid milk adulteration detection. The proposed work is based on the principle that milk adulterants such as water, urea, and detergent change the dielectric properties of milk, thus distinctly altering the resonance frequency properties of the CSRR structure. The proposed design was carried out on a microstrip transmission line; further analysis of the design’s sensitivity was performed using various electromagnetic simulation tools. The results obtained have proven that when traces of the adulterants are introduced into the milk, there is a large frequency change that helps in detecting the level of milk adulteration performed using the proposed design. Due to the compact size of the proposed design, its low cost of production, rapid response time, and ability to perform non-invasive analysis, it is very suitable for milk analysis in the dairy industry.