INTELLI-BDC: Intelligent Bidirectional DC—DC Converter for Optimized EV Battery Management

This paper introduces INTELLI-BDC, a smart bidirectional DC to DC converter that will be used to operate the advanced electric vehicle (EV) battery management systems. The architecture that is proposed will combine adaptive Fuzzy PID control, parameter optimization through Genetic Algorithm (GA) and fault-tolerant switching to achieve a high level of efficiency, fast transient response, and operational resilience. INTELLI-BDC is able to dynamically modulate PWM duty cycles based on load changes, battery state-of-charge and changes in temperature, unlike traditional converters, which operate on a fixed control set, and the converters also reduce conduction and switching losses by using a synchronous buck-boost topology with SiC MOSFETs. The optimal parameters controlled by the GA are the switching frequency, the duty cycle and the control gains in order to produce a low level of ripple, less power losses, and the shortest settling time possible. A machine-learning unit inside it estimates the malfunction of a MOSFET or sensor and recovers itself automatically by redundancy switching, so that it can continue to operate with minimal disruption. Simulations of MATLAB/Simulink and hardware checks on DSPs show 97.8 per cent conversion efficiency, 63 per cent transient overshoot, 66 per cent output ripple and less than 10 ms fault recovery. These findings confirm that INTELLI-BDC is a strong, efficient, and intelligent product to manage the next generation EV battery energy in a more intelligent way.