Multimodal Smart Wheelchair Control Using Voice and Head Gestures: an Embedded Human-Computer Interaction Approach

The Voice and Accelerometer Controlled Smart Wheelchair, developed using embedded systems and powered by the Arduino Uno, presents an innovative and cost-effective solution in the domain of assistive technology. Designed to enhance the independence of individuals with physical disabilities, the system leverages a multimodal interface comprising voice commands and head-gesture recognition to enable intuitive, hands-free mobility. A voice recognition module interprets verbal commands such as “forward,” “backward,” “left,” and “right,” while a 3 -axis accelerometer detects head tilt angles, allowing users with speech impairments to control movement through gestures. This sensor fusion approach ensures robust interaction, improving accessibility, user satisfaction, and operational safety. By integrating real-time input processing and motor control through the Arduino Uno, the system offers a practical and scalable application of human-computer interaction (HCI) principles. Its affordability, reliability, and ease of deployment make it suitable for both personal and institutional healthcare environments. This work demonstrates the potential of multimodal, user-centered HCI systems to address real-world mobility challenges and enhance quality of life for users with impairments.