Magic Square-Based Photovoltaic Reconfiguration Methods for Mitigating Partial Shading Losses in PV Arrays within Distribution Systems

The depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution encourages the need for alternative energy sources. Solar photovoltaic power, a source of renewable energy, is impacted by the amount of sunlight on the solar panel. When there is partial shading, PV array power production is reduced, and$\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{V}$and I-V characteristics have several peaks, necessitating sophisticated techniques to extract the maximum power. This study relates the performance of four Magic Square based reconfiguration technic for partial shading mitigation, including LS-TCT, DS-TCT and MS-TCT and TCT using MATLAB/Simulink. The effectiveness of each of these setups has been evaluated in terms of fill factor, power enhancement ratio, performance ratio, and partial shading loss based on different shadowing patterns.