Smart Solar Panel Orientation and Performance Analytics using IoT and Cloud Integration

Generating energy from solar PV systems can be suitably efficient if a technology system has the optimal angle to the sun. Fixed solar PV panels can generate substantial energy, but they are often less than optimal because they do not move to obtain the optimal angle with respect to the sun. In this paper, the authors present an IoT system for solar tracking and monitoring that will optimize energy generation and provide innovative performance analysis. Energy generation relies on having the proper angle with respect to the sun. Light-sensitive sensors and servo motors powered by a microcontroller together with real-time measurements allow the tracking system to position the solar panel to align with the sun's angle. An IoT-based monitoring system collects voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters for the panel while also controlling the panel's solar tracking. IoT also allows parameters to be sent to a cloud that users can access to see energy analytics and efficiency reports and receive performance alerts. Experimental testing has been carried out, which verified improved energy output for the solar panel system in practical use compared to a fixed panel. The IoT feature of the proposed system improves operational reliability and increases user engagement. The proposed system shows a viable path to building smart renewable energy infrastructure and increasing the integration of advanced distributed energy resources through sustainable energy use.